Hi JColvin,
sorry, my bad. I was trying to program the FPGA under Linux without Vivado using openocd-0.11. At first I succeeded two times using "sudo openocd ...", then I changed the jumper, changed the command and continued without sudo. So the program didn't find the board anymore and I thought something would be damaged. In fact openocd was missing the rights to access the USB. Then I tried with my Windows Vivado installation. It didn't recognize the board.
Then I transferred the EEPROM Contents of a second Arty S7-50 board to my first board with an old installation of FT_Prog_v3.6.88.402.
Later I found out my Windows Vivado doesn't recognize any Boards. On a second Windows PC our second board is recognized fine, while the first board now isn't recognized by any Vivado any more. And I found I still can program the first board using "sudo openocd ..." under Linux.
So what's the missing magic to make my board appear as a programmer in Vivado again?