The obvious difference is in terms of programmable logic resources; the 7Z030 has about 4x as much as everything as the 7Z010. That might not be a problem if you are only trying to get up to speed on Zynq-7000 development.
But one thing to watch out for is that the 7Z030 has high-performance I/O pads, as well as GTX transceiver tiles; the 7Z010 has only high-rate I/O pads and no transceiver tiles. If you need this type of functionality then you will not be able to do a direct migration from 7Z010 to 7Z030. At best you could use a 7Z012S or 7Z015 to start out, but that only gets you (GTP) transceiver tiles, not HP I/O.
Here's a handy guide: https://www.xilinx.com/support/documentation/selection-guides/zynq-7000-product-selection-guide.pdf
@canisio, If you're interested, I also have a range of projects which use Pmod JF on the Zybo-Z7-20 as a GPIO test header:
https://github.com/der-mur/book1-zynq-intro/tree/master/step-by-step
DerekM got a reaction from NN_SystemS in Zybo Z7 compatibility with zynq XC7Z030
DerekM got a reaction from canisio in Zybo Z7-20 Pmod connector JF