Hi JColvin
Thank you, this helped lead me in the right direction! The dmesg that I received matched the output from the link that you shared. i.e., My arty board EEPROM is exactly what it needs to be, and the issue is on my machine setup.
I was ultimately able to connect to JTAG, here is what I did: (With a bit of googling I found the following link: https://community.element14.com/technologies/fpga-group/f/forum/50505/install-vivado-vitis-and-petalinux-on-windows-sublayer-for-linux, thanks Jan! )
At least via Vivado and Xsct, I am able to start a hardware server and connect to jtag if I run the terminal as root. For example, this can be done with the following:
<user>@<machine>:~$ sudo -i
root@<machine>:~# source <vivado_tool_location>/settings64.sh
root@<machine>:~# xsct
****** Xilinx Software Commandline Tool (XSCT) v2020.2
**** SW Build 3064766 on Wed Nov 18 09:12:47 MST 2020
** Copyright 1986-2020 Xilinx, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
xsct% connect
attempting to launch hw_server
****** Xilinx hw_server v2020.2
**** Build date : Nov 18 2020 at 09:50:49
** Copyright 1986-2020 Xilinx, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
INFO: hw_server application started
INFO: Use Ctrl-C to exit hw_server application
INFO: To connect to this hw_server instance use url: TCP:127.0.0.1:3121
tcfchan#0
xsct% targets
1 APU
2 ARM Cortex-A9 MPCore #0 (Running)
3 ARM Cortex-A9 MPCore #1 (Running)
4 xc7z020
xsct%
It's not ideal to have to connect as root, but at least I can connect to the device now.
Thanks again!