Hi @VeeeHDL,
I have not attempted anything quite like this, but in principle this certainly possible to do. The Basys 2 does not have any on-board RAM like your graphic shows, but it's not strictly necessary.
The main hurdle would be creating the FPGA logic to convert the data stored on the external storage (flash drive, SD card, doesn't really matter) into a format that can be loaded onto the EEPROM and then (presumably) successfully read back and usable by the FPGA or some other system.
I do not think you would be able to set the FPGA Done pin high as that is controlled by the FPGA; though you could certainly designate one of the user LEDs as a "done" indicator.
As for reference materials, Digilent does not have direct materials, though some simple searching online led me to a number of resources that might help get you going; I have not tried any of the materials so I cannot verify any of their functionality. Reading data from USB link, reading from SD card link, EEPROM material link1, link2, link3.
Thanks,
JColvin
