@ManiS
As long as that image starts with a fat partition containing BOOT.BIN (includes a fsbl) the boot process should start. The rest of the process follows the image instructions.
By default the boot partition should contain BOOT.BIN, boot.scr, image.ub. last two files are required for u-boot but other files can replace them.
Try inspecting petalinux-sdimage.wic image.
Eg. use `losetup` tool in linux or
mount -o loop,offset=<bytes count> <imagefile> /mount/point
To find offset use fdisk -lu <imagefile> and multiply start sector number for partition you want to mount by 512
usually 2048 or 4096 for first partition => 1048576 respectively 2097152